economy plannifiée

T re chapter 6: The planned system
Section 1: The planned economy: a command economy
1: Origin and key debates1.1: Origin: theoretical referents1.2: The main debates of the 20s* A rational socialist economy is it possible: Von Mises-vonHayekversus Lange-Lerner* Objectifsp what our plan? balanced growth accelerated o u? The antics ofBukharin / Préobrajesnk there2: Principles of Economics December ommandement2.1: The state owns all the means of production2-2: The state imposes its strategy developmen t and d are I'allocation ressouices d, wherecentralized plan im pératif consistency across scales of es-matter is oflinks drivers2.3: An annual business imperative where. predominance
1. Malfunctions1.1: Plan necessarily tight hence rationing of resources and regulationby the shortage (relative)1-2: Development of autonomous business logic: * defensive d: issimulation, * despecialisation, horizontal exchanges in formal offensives g: aspillage of resources and are "fringaled investment, poor execution plan1'3: the logic of autonomous households as sellers of labor power (lowproductivity absentéismee.t. . E) n as a buyer of goods (marketparallel schemes and private ownership of property of the enterprise ...) "to systémicus homo, '' Vir {2.the consequences: a dynamic declining and the failure of reform -2.1: A dynamic declining economic waste stifle innovation andincreasing labor productivity2.2: Failed reforms to pass a "intensive growth"* Internal reforms: their need to increase the effectiveness oftheir productive combination obstacles: systemic political andsocial* Failure by the dynamic use of technology importsWestern (years.7 0): endettementent need for adjustmentoutside in the 80sSection 3: Contributions and limitations of "market socialism" (ex-Yougoslavie.Hongrie)
3.1: their logicalincrease the autonomy of the company améliorerI efficiencymicroeconomic3.2: mixed results* A better balance of the bid at the request of imbalancesimportant macroeconomic* Gaps market socialism "- Limited competition and insufficient autonomy systemicnow the persistence of soft budget constraint- The absence of labor market and the weakness of labor mobilityof work- Abence of the capital market saw the ownership of the means ofproducing low capital mobility, the inefficient allocation
Chapter 7: Transition to a market economy andp o l i t i q u e economic
Section 1: The problem of transition1. The ultimate goal of any economy e market?2. Ordonnancemeentt initial pace of reforms2.1: initial systemic reforms: liberalization of all decisionso ù microeconomic market relations and re-monetization of the economyand put in place a new legal framework / INSTITUTIONAL2.2: need to guide decisions decentralized hence economic policy beforewhile monetary policy2.3: shock therapy or gradualism? the political weight of uSection 2: The cyclical policies to face transition1. An overview: I inevitable initial macroeconomic stabilization wherehighly restrictive policy and recession, a further assouplissemen andrecovery growth variable2. Fiscal policy:2.1: The initial decrease public expenditure is the tendency to return to equilibrium2.2: the recession and deficits:* The importance of monetary FINANCING View the banking system: v ersa "securitized debt"* The nécessitéd a tax reform s are seen I'importance limits the escapefiscal and sector-informellr3 Monetary policy and exchange:3.1: the main instrument of macroeconomic stabilization original: the fightagainst inflation, anchoring the nominal exchange rate.3.2 contradictory consequences* Slowdown of inflation but sharp recession, the rate appreciationreal exchange devaluation or depreciation where / sliding Programmedrates, but the risk of imported inflation* Durcissemen by the monetary policy of the "budget constraint"for microeconomic actors hampered by perverse effects: thedevelopment of trade credit control e limitedsecond-tier banks3.3: one assouplissemen utltérieur monetary policy but a behaviorbanks unfavorable financing deI'investissementSection 3: Structural Reforms1. Lesr éformes on production and markets for goods and services1.1: liberalization of microeconomic decisions of price formation; implementationestablishment of a new regulatory framework1.2: liberalization of external relations for the economy I'intégrationWorld* Trade diversion to the world market and I'UE, thedéveloppemendt FDI foreign direct investment* What are the prospects of joining the EU?1.3: the need for privatization of productive assets* The objectives of the privatization* Main ilemmes of privatization* Implementation: sale or distribution of assets (mass privatization)- The sale of OTC or OPV: the slow- The distribution of assets are: models Czechoslovak and Polishwhat companies are restructuring?* Opportunities to lternatives:- The company controlled by its employees (Russian model) limits- Restructuring ompanies p ubliques2. Reforms concerning the factors of production2.1: Transformation of the banking system and the emergence of f inancial markets* The establishment of a banking system with 2 levels. difficulties in setting up a new system b ancaire- The autonomy of the Bank ENTRAL c, the limit of its intrumentsregulation- Barriers to the transformation of ancaire b: m ank ofq ualifié personal information and ertinentes p l a locationbanks are vulnerable to (receivables outeuses), s attemptsreform: but u need recapitalization "m oral hazard,,limits to privatization* The emergence of f inancial markets are: the core role in restructuringI'actionnariat companies rivatisées p, q s regards the limits hearts to I'apportcapitauxe of t e xternal control of ompanies, the perverse effects of sin ternational capital movements in the short term (eg crisisu s e r s. . . . )2.2 The training of the labor market: Homage c, m obility of labor,p rofessional the relationship; Protection Transformation Company Name3. Reforming the State3'1: reducing the role of the state; rebuild appareit state and improve the management of public sector3.2: tax reformsConclusion:- I'inévitable slow transition I'importance and political support for the transformations e weight of the past- To national models hétérogèneses predominantly vertical relationships * "seller, u r" l buyer."The role comptabled rices Production / * big role in accounting currency in ter-relations firm where his character 'passive'2.4: Elements of decisions décentratisé dsa e ns consumption of which activepart of the currency and retail2.5: The screen between the national economy and the global market: monopoly, Statetrade, "disparity of prices are internationauxtaux of internal-change "arbitrary"